过去式,过去时态 【过去式】 ⒈过去发生的而现在已经结束的动作需要用一般过去式来表示 ⒉表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。 ⒊过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。 【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。 过去式就是动词的变化,表示过去发生的事。一般看到ago,before,in 几几年,就是过去式。 如:work-worked listen-listened 一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的有一些变化。 结构: 【过去时态结构基本形式】 1,主语+动词过去式+其他; 2,be 动词用 was / were, 如:Where were you yesterday? 行为动词用:主语 + 动词过去式, 如:I got up late yesterday. 否定句:主语+ didn't + 动词原形 一般疑问句; Did + 主语 + 动词原形 3,构成 : ⑴ be→was— (am,is 的过去式) were— (are 的过去式) ⑵ V. →V-ed (动词过去式) 概念: 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状举带态。一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。 例句: A:What did you do last weekend? B:I played football. A:Did you read books? B:Yes,I did. 构成: 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下: ⑴一般情况下,动词词尾加 ed ,如: work—worked; play—played;want— wanted; act—acted ⑵以不发音的 e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 d,如: live—lived; move—moved; decide—decided; decline—declined; hope—hoped; 正档芦⑶以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加ed,如: studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied ⑷以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音蠢拦字母,再加 ed,如: stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped ⑸注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go - went,make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was,are-were ,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,think-thought,say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew, put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew, 以上的⑴至⑷条中的发音均有改变,具体分别有/d/ /t/ /id/。 而不规则动词的过去式的发音则略有不同,但是有些还是按照一定规律变化的。如以上的:make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,bring-brought,teach-taught,think-thought,say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew。 仔细看一看,能发现它们的一些变化规律,也就是说不需要死记硬背这些过去式,知道了原型和变化规律,就可以写出来了。有的变化部分读音也是有规律的。分类记忆是对学习过去式很有帮助的! 用法: ⑴ 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。 一般过去时的用法一.概念:一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 二.时间状语:yesterday,the day before yesterday,two days ago,long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week,month),just now,at that time,in those days. 三.过去时的用法:1.有确定的过去时间状语时要用过去式。 例:We had a good time last week. 2.表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去式。 例:The boy closed the door,turned off the window,and then went to bed. ⒊ 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,要用过去式。 例:She often came to help me at that time. 四.一般过去式的构成形式:☆Be动词的过去式:⑴肯定句:主语+ be动词的过去式(was,were) 例:He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago. ⑵否定句:主语+ be动词的过去式(was,were)+ not 例:He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not my students long long ago. ⑶一般疑问句:直接把be动词提到句首。 例:Was he ill yesterday? 肯定回答:Yes,he was. 否定回答:No,he wasn't.Was she nine two years ago? Yes,she was. / No,she wasn't.Were they your students long long ago? Yes,they were. / No,they weren't. ☆实意动词的过去式:⑴肯定句:主语+动词的过去式 例:He played football last week.She watched TV last night. ⑵否定句:主语+ did not +动词原形 例:He did not play football last week.She didn’t watch TV last night. ⑶一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形 例:Did he play football last week? 回答:Yes,he did./ No,he didn't. Did she watch TV last night? 回答:Yes,she did. / No,she didn’t. 五.动词变过去式的几种常用规则:1.一般动词直接+ ed; 例:look--looked want--wanted listen --listened 2.以e结尾的词直接+ d;例:live--lived phone--phoned 3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ed;例:try--tried study--studied 4.重读闭音节结尾的,词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写词尾辅音字母+ ed;例:stop--stopped plan--planned ⒌不规则动词: 动词由原形转变为过去式时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词。小学常见的动词不规则过去式如:是be/is/am/are- was,是are- were,来come-came,去go- went,有have- had,做/干do- did,做make- made 读read- read,放put- put,切割cut- cut,写write- wrote,带走take- took,买buy- bought,带来bring- brought,想think- thought,看见see- saw,说say- said,说话speak- spoke,打破break- broke,得到get- got,跑run- ran,告诉tell- told,唱sing- sang,喝drink- drank,吃eat- ate,游泳swim- swam,开始begin- began,偷steal- stole,遇见meet- met,卖sell- sold,坐sit- sat,跑run-ran,读read-read,想要want-want,知道know/known,fall-fell等等。 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。I stayed at home,yesterday.昨天,我整日呆在家里. ⑵ 一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。 时间标志:yesterday(昨天),last weekend(上周),last month(上个月),last year(去年),two months ago(两个月前),the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年),in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语。 如: I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。 When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园)。 I went to the park last weekend. (我是上周去的公园) 在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态; 第二句和第三句属于实义动词go的一般过去时态。 1 Be 动词一般过去时态: 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成: 肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语 如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。) 否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语 如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) 疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语 如:Was you sick yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?) 肯定回答:Yes,I was. (是的,我病了。) 否定回答:No,I wasn't. (不,我没病。) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的? awake-awoke-awoken 读法: 规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音: 1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如:asked,helped,watched,stopped 2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如:enjoyed,studied,moved,called 3.在t / d后读作[id]。如:wanted,needed 清音t元浊d td后面读(一的) 不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法: 1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat 2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt 4.以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew 5.含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt 6.含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank 但也有例外,如get的过去式是got,与第一条不符,仅仅是大多数动词符合。 不规则变化动词表: 原形 过去式 过去分词 bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegunbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtcomecamecomecutcutcutdodiddonedrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhear hit hurtheard hit hurtheard hit hurtknowknewknownleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademademeetmetmetputputputreadreadreadrideroderiddenring rangrungriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetshutshutshutsingsangsungsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptspeakspokespokenspendspentspentstandstoodstoodswimswamswumsweepsweptswepttaketooktakenteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwearworeworn
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