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老师叮咛：李辉老师说，想要提高作文水平，掌握正确的语法十分关键！下面的各例句都是历年真题中最常出现的、最值得同学们优先理解的虚拟语气考点！经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵！
辉哥说：什么叫真努力？“觉得自己已经很努力了”或者“我比以前努力多了”都不是真努力，而往往只是自我陶醉。”所谓“真努力”，得看你：1.定了什么标准；2.有没有达到这个标准。而不是看你花了多了时间、做了多少事情。连努力的标准都没有，或者制定了标准却根本没有达到，都还是不够努力，或者根本就是自欺欺人的假勤奋、伪努力。
一、概述：
英语句子的基本语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后，当语序颠倒时就成了倒装结构。把谓语的全部放在主语之前称为完全倒装；而只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装。
二﹑倒装句的类型
1. 全部倒装句：
（1）here/ there/ now/ then/ thus/out/away/up/down等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be/come/go/ lie/run，当其主语为名词时，通常要使用倒装。
eg: a. There goes the bell.
b. Here is your letter.
c. Off goes the woman!
d. Then came the chairman.
e. Away went the boy to the school!
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。
eg: a.Here he comes.
b.Away they went.
（2）以引导词there开头的句子，须使用倒装结构，除there be外还有there live / stand / lie / exist等。
eg: a. There are three books on the desk．
b.There lived an old fisherman near the sea.
c.There stands a tall building in the centre of the town.
（3）so/neither/nor表示前面所述一件事也适合另一个人或物时，so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句。
eg: a.Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
b.If you don't go, neither will I.
注意：
1） 当 so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。
eg: a.Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
b.---It's raining hard.
---So it is.
2) 但如果上文所述两件事也适合另一个人或物，就用 So it is /was with sb.或It is/was the same with sb.
eg:Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with English.
（4） 介词短语做地点状语放在句首
eg: a.In the cottage lives a family of six.
b.Near the bridge was an old cottage.
c.In front of the house sat a little boy.
2.部分倒装句
(1) 疑问句
eg: a.Have you seen the film?
b.When are we going to drink to your happiness?
注意：如疑问词在句中做主语，则用自然语序。
eg: a. Who is your sister?
b.What is our work?
(2) so/such...that的so/such位于句首时
eg: a.So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street.
b.So small were the words that he could hardly see them.
c.Such a famous man he is that everyone wants to take a photo with him.
(3)so, neither, nor表示前面所述一件事也适合另一个人或物时，So用于肯定句,neither/nor用于否定句
eg：a.Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
b.If you don't go, neither will I.
注意：
1）当 so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。
eg：a.Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
b. ---It's raining hard.
---So it is.
2）但如果上文所述两件事也适合另一个人或物，就用 So it is /was with sb.或It is/was the same with sb.
eg：Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with English
（4） 否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，常见的有：in no way/not only…but also/never/little/rarely/seldom/hardly...when/no sooner…than/ scarcely…when/ in no case/ not... until
eg: a. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
b.Hardly can I follow you.
c.Seldom do I visit USA.
d. Never have I seen such a performance .
注意：否定词不在句首不倒装。
a. I have never seen such a performance.
b. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
（5）由as/though 引导的让步状语从句。
分为表语十as＋主语十系动词和动词原形＋as＋主语十助动词
eg: a. Young as he is, he knows some of the family
b. Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.
注意：当单数名词位于句首时，名词前无冠词。
eg:Child as he is,he knows good English.
（6）省略连词“if”的条件副词分句
eg：a.Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
= If I were you, I would not do such a thing.
b.Would the machine break down again, send it back to us.
= If the machine would break down again, send it back to us.
c.Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
= If you had worked harder, you would have passed.
（7）有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子，也可使用倒装结构
eg: a. Isn‘t it cold!
b.May both be happy!
c. May God bless you.
d. Long live the king!
（8） Only 位于句首，强调句子的状语时
eg：a. Only then did I fully understand what my father said.
b. Only when I left school did I realize how important study is.
三、倒装句应用
1.考题类型
（1）在语法填空中可能要求考生填入适当的助动词。在高考写作中恰当运用倒装句，特别是由“only+状语” 开头的倒装句，会给阅卷者留下良好的印象。
（2）在短文改错中，可能出现助动词的错用；漏掉构成部分倒装的助动词do, does或did；或者有了助动词does或did之后，谓语动词没有用原形；或者倒装句的主谓一致错误。
2.灵活运用
（1）改写句子
1） We don’t know its value until we lose health.
______________________ we know its value.
2）I will never forget you as long as I live.
__________I forget you as long as I live.
3） I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.
_____________________ than it began to rain.
4） we can improve our English only in this way.
______________________ improve our English.
5）We have so much homework to do that we have no time to take a rest.
___________________we have to do that we have no time to take a rest.
Answer
1）Not until we lose health do
2）Never will
3）No sooner had I gone out
4）Only in this way can we
5）So much homework do
（2）用倒装句完成句子
1）只有用这种方法， 你才能学好英语。
_______________ you learn English well.
2）她非常感激，向我点了点头。
_______________ she that she nodded to me.
3）灿烂的微笑不但使我们自己高兴，也会使他人感觉到愉悦。
____________________ make ourselves happy, but it also enables others to feel delighted.
4）直到那时，她才意识到她没有带钱。
_____________________that she had forgotten to take money with her.
Answer
1）Only in this way can
2）So grateful was
3）Not only can a beautiful smile
4）Not until then did she realize
（3）单句改错
1）At noon there were still no news.
2）Here is some picture-books for you.
3）If you don’t go there tomorrow, neither does Tom.
4）I didn’t see the film, and nor didn’t you.
5）I can’t swim and so can Kate.
6）He was unable to make much progress, hard although he tried.
7）Little does he realizes how important this meeting is.
8）So loudly he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
Answer
1）were → was 主语是no news，单数。
2）is → are 主语是some picture-books, 复数。
3）does → will 主句用一般将来时。
4）didn’t → did 因neither, nor本身就是否定的了，其后的助动词用肯定形式。
5）so → neither 表示后者的情况同前者一样，前者是否定情况，后者用neither或nor。
6）although → as /though 因although引导让步状语从句时，不能用倒装。
7）realizes → realize 前面已有助动词did了，要用原形。
8）在he前加did 因so+ adj.位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
倒装是将语句中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等颠倒顺序的一种语法现象，常常具有强调语气，在古汉语文言文和英语语句中比较常见。
常见的倒装句有四种：
主谓倒装。
在感叹句或疑问句中，为了强调谓语而将它放到句首，以加强感叹或疑问语气。如：甚矣，汝之不惠。
宾语前置。
否定句中代词充当宾语，疑问代词充当动词或介词的宾语以及用“之”或“是”字作为提宾标志时，宾语通常要前置。如：何陋之有。
定语后置。
古汉语中有时为了突出修饰语，将定语放在中心词之后。如：居庙堂之高则忧其民。
状语后置。
表示方式、状态、时间、地点等的词语会出现后置情况。如：屠惧，投以骨。
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
so, neither, nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。
例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）
2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。
例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用
你知道倒装句是什么吗
